![]() On the one hand, these have allowed for a refinement of models (Planck Collaboration XVIII 2011 Planck Collaboration XXX 2014c Serra et al. Recent observations at 353, 545, and 857 GHz made by the High-Frequency Instrument aboard the Planck satellite have led to significant improvements in our understanding of the CIB thanks to the instrument’s high sensitivity and fine angular resolution and large sky coverage. ( 1996), and dominates over other components (at least at high Galactic latitudes) in the high-frequency channels of CMB experiments, with lower frequencies probing higher redshift sources. The constituent dust is at a temperature of a few tens of Kelvin so CIB emission peaks in the sub-millimetre part of the electromagnetic spectrum, where it was first detected by Puget et al. The angular power spectrum of the lensing B-modes resembles that of white noise with |$\Delta _$| correlated (Song et al. 2021), both with 95 per cent confidence.Įfforts to constrain r below this level face a significant challenge: gravitational lensing of the CMB by the large-scale distribution of matter in the Universe converts part of the primordial E-mode into B-modes (Zaldarriaga
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